Business Insights

Hard Pull vs. Soft Pull: What’s the Difference Between These Credit Checks?

Not every credit check is created equal.

Some quietly check your credit in the background and leave your score untouched. Others show up on your credit report, can shave points off your score, and stay visible for years.

Let’s break down the difference and what to look for when researching funding.

What Is a Hard Pull (Hard Inquiry)

A hard pull — or hard inquiry — commonly happens when you formally apply for credit and give a lender permission to review your full credit history to make a lending decision. This type of credit pull will impact your credit score.

Common instances of hard pulls:
  • Applying for a credit card
  • Applying for an auto loan or mortgage
  • Applying for a personal loan
  • Applying for a business loan that requires a personal guarantee
  • Requesting a credit limit increase (in some cases)
  • Signing a lease that requires a credit check
Hard inquiries are visible to other lenders who pull your credit report. Per Experian, too many of them in a short window can make you look like a higher risk, even if each individual inquiry only costs you a few points.

At NEWITY, we never perform a hard credit pull at any point in the loan process.

What Is a Soft Pull (Soft Inquiry)

A soft pull — also called a soft inquiry — is a credit check that does not affect your score.

Common instances for soft pulls:
  • Checking your own credit score or report
  • Pre-qualification or “see if you’re likely to be approved” tools
  • An existing lender or credit card issuer reviewing your account
  • Employer background checks (with your authorization)
  • Insurance quotes
  • Promotional or prescreened credit card offers you didn’t apply for
Soft pulls are invisible to other lenders. You can rack up as many as you want without any effect on your credit score, which is exactly why prequalification tools that use soft pulls have become popular for loan and credit card shopping.

Hard Pull vs. Soft Pull: Key Differences at a Glance

Soft Pull
Hard Pull
Affects your credit score?
No
Yes, usually a small, temporary dip
Requires your authorization?
Not always
Yes
Visible to other lenders?
No
Yes, for up to two years
When it happens
Prequalification, account monitoring, background checks
Formal credit or loan applications— never through NEWITY
How long it affects your score
Never
Typically up to 12 months

How Much Does a Hard Inquiry Actually Lower Your Score?

According to myFICO, a single hard inquiry typically lowers a FICO Score by fewer than five points for most people, and credit inquiries account for only about 10% of what makes up a FICO Score overall — far less than payment history or how much of your available credit you’re using.

Two details matter more than the point drop itself:

  1. How long it stays on your report vs. how long it affects your score. Hard inquiries remain visible on your credit report for up to two years, but according to myFICO, they only affect your score for about 12 months.

  2. It compounds with volume, not with one application. People with six or more hard inquiries in a short period statistically show higher credit risk, according to myFICO — which is a pattern, not a single-application penalty.

Rate Shopping: Why Comparing Offers Doesn't Have to Cost You

Will applying to five lenders hurt your score five times as much?

For certain loan types, no.

Per Experian, FICO scoring models group multiple hard inquiries for mortgages, auto loans, and student loans made within a set window — typically 14 to 45 days depending on the scoring version — and count them as a single inquiry for scoring purposes. That window exists specifically so consumers can shop for the best rate without being penalized for every application.

One important carve-out: credit card applications don’t get this same rate-shopping protection. Experian recommends spacing credit card applications out by six months or more to minimize the impact of hard inquiries that don’t get grouped.

How This Applies to Business Financing

Business financing adds a layer most people don’t expect: your personal credit can be pulled even when you’re borrowing for your business.

Many business loans involve a hard pull of the owner’s personal credit once a formal application is submitted. At the same time, business credit bureaus and blended scoring models, like the FICO Small Business Scoring Service (SBSS), weigh inquiries differently than personal credit bureaus do — but personal credit inputs still factor into that score.

That’s why it’s worth asking, before you apply anywhere:
  • Is this a soft pull or a hard pull?
  • Is my personal credit tied to this decision?
  • If I’m comparing multiple lenders, are they running hard pulls at each step, or only at final approval?

Frequently Asked Questions

Does checking my own credit score hurt it? No. Checking your own credit score or report is a soft inquiry and has no effect on your score, regardless of how often you do it.

Will applying to multiple lenders for the same loan hurt my credit more? It depends on the loan type. Mortgage, auto, and student loan inquiries made within a short shopping window (roughly 14–45 days) are typically grouped as one inquiry for scoring purposes. Credit card and many personal/business loan applications generally do not get this same protection, so spacing those out matters more.

How long does a hard inquiry stay on my credit report? Up to two years. However, it typically only affects your credit score for about the first 12 months.

Can a business loan affect my personal credit score? Yes, if the loan requires a personal guarantee and the lender runs a hard pull of your personal credit as part of the application. However, the effect on your score itself is minimal.

What’s the difference between prequalification and a full loan application when it comes to credit checks? Prequalification typically uses a soft pull to give you an estimate of what you might qualify for, without affecting your score. A full application usually requires a hard pull, since the lender needs your complete credit history to make a final lending decision.

How many points will a hard inquiry cost me? For most people, fewer than five points per inquiry. The exact impact varies based on your existing credit history and how many other inquiries appear on your report.

Interested In Exploring a Small Business Loan?

At NEWITY, our 10-minute application performs a soft pull on your credit, so you can explore loan amounts and rates without affecting your credit score.
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NEWITY LLC and its affiliates do not provide tax, legal or accounting advice. This material has been prepared for informational purposes only, and is not intended to provide, and should not be relied on for, tax, legal or accounting advice. You should consult your own tax, legal and accounting advisors before engaging in any transaction.

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To qualify for an SBA 7(a) small business loan, your business must be:

  1. U.S.-based and operated
  2. Owner supported / owner funded
  3. Eligible per the SBA’s requirements

Your loan amount will determined by the business’ average annual revenue, FICO score, and years in business